a. A dolphins flipper compared to the human arm.
b. A human and a dolphin have arms and flippers the dolphin’s flipper compared to a human are is that the dolphins as similar bones to that of a human arm. Humans and dolphin both have a humerus, ulna, radius but the dolphins is short and fat compared to a humans.
c. The dolphin and human are mammals. I can know that these ancestor possessed this trait because mammal have traits that classify them as mammals (all of them have) some being a warm-blooded vertebrate(characterized by a bony or cartilaginous skeleton and a well-developed brain) have hair or fur, nurse their young, and the birth of live young.
Analogous
a. A human arm and a horse leg.
b. A humans arm and a horse legs serves the same purpose but the structure of the two are different if looked internally (x-ray) you will better see the difference.
The phalanges, 2nd Metacarpal, 4th Metacarpal looks completely different; the phalanges on a human are skinny and there are multiple as the horse their are big and chunky.
c. Yes the it is possible that the common ancestor of these species could have possessed these traits but not quite the same model. Like a cell phone evolves, as time goes on something is done that makes the phone better than the last; these traits evolve like that. Genetic traits are genotypic similarities passed on from parents to offspring during the chromosomal replication process. Some examples being hair or eye color, and likelihood of getting a disease.
Good work on your homologous traits. Yes, both of these organisms are mammals and inherited the general mammalian limb structure from the common mammalian ancestor, with changes arising due to different functions and environmental pressures.
ReplyDeleteNot only is it possible that the ancestor of the horse and human have the limb structure, since both of them are also mammals, they definitely did. This is another example of traits with a common genetic ancestry but with different structures due to different functions and environmental pressures. That makes this another example of homologous traits, not analogous.
Analogous traits share similar functions and similarities in structure due to common environmental pressures, resulting in convergent evolution. They are not the result of common genetic ancestry. The example of this was the bat wing and the bird wing, both of which are derived traits that evolved after the split between these to organisms from their common reptilian ancestor.